Wireless Communications and Networks

41  3GPP Long Term Evolution – Radio Technology
Wireless broadband Internet access providing IP based services to mobile users is growing rapidly worldwide. State-of-the-art systems cannot support this increasing demand for higher bit rates at reduced cost and do generally not meet future requirements. 3GPP Long Term Evolution is the new UMTS standard making use of latest technologies such as OFDMA based access, frequency based scheduling, MIMO and higher order modulation. With LTE substantial gains regarding capacity, peak data rates, user and control plane latency and deployment cost can be expected, while minimizing terminal complexity. The scalable OFDM technology allows a flexible spectrum allocation in existing and new frequency bands. LTE is the natural evolution of GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies making 3GPP standards competitive over other cellular standards in the next decade. The standardisation of LTE is completed and the commercial first networks are already deployed. LTE will also be the basis for a new 4G standard called LTE Advanced that is in the process of standardisation right now. 
42  3GPP Long Term Evolution - Radio Protocol and Architecture
Wireless broadband internet access providing IP based services to mobile users is growing rapidly worldwide. State-of-the-art systems cannot support this increasing demand for higher bit rates at reduced cost and do generally not meet future requirements. 3GPP Long Term Evolution is the new UMTS standard making use of OFDMA/SC-FDMA based access technologies combined with MIMO and also defines a new layer 2/3-protocol architecture that can process very high data rates instantaneously. 3GPP does not only define a completely new air interface called Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), it also works on a System Architecture Evolution, the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). This is based on a flat, simplified all IP based architecture with a reduced number of network entities, a new Quality of Service concept and the support of seamless mobility between heterogeneous access networks. The standardisation of LTE is completed and the first networks are already deployed. 
44  Radio Spectrum Management
Radio Spectrum Management is of ever increasing importance for Telecommunications Companies, Public Authorities as well as for Defence Forces. It is necessary for the planning, implementation and operation phases of various types of technologies: point-to-point/multipoint links, broadband wireless access, cellular systems, radar, navigation systems as well as television and sound broadcasting networks, both analogue and digital. The hierarchical process of military spectrum management has extensive needs for long-term strategic as well as short-term tactical frequency management.
46  MIMO and Beamforming for 4G Wireless with Applications to LTE and WiMax
Even as 3G is being deployed, the wireless community is busy designing the fourth generation of mobile systems. While the definition of 4G has not been finalized, there is a consensus that the expected data rate requirements will be an order of magnitude higher than 3G.
Two technologies working in tandem are emerging as likely candidates for 4G implementations. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has already proved successful in providing high speed communication over wireless LANs, but, by itself, it cannot deliver the data rates targeted by 4G. Multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) is seen as the key technology to complement OFDM to support high data rates in future wireless systems. 
48  LTE Advanced - Evolution to 4G
The standardisation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution has been completed in 2009 and numerous networks are in commercial operation around the globe. Still wireless broadband internet access, providing IP based services to mobile users, continues to grow rapidly worldwide. Therefore 3GPP has been working on further enhancements of the LTE air interface in 3GPP Release 10 and beyond. This new standard is called LTE Advance and fulfills all requirements as set by the ITU-R for 4G. It has been acknowledged by the industry that LTE Advanced will be the dominating 4G Technology globally.  LTE Advanced promises to deliver peak data rates beyond a Gbps in up- and downlink by aggregation of multiple carriers up to 100 MHz. For new fragmented spectrum it increases flexibility, while keeping backward compatibility to LTE networks and terminals. By means of carrier aggregation LTE Advance can operate in bandwidths up to 100 MHz in contiguous or non-contiguous frequency allocations.
59  OFDM and MIMO Wireless Technologies with Applications to WiMax and UMTS LTE
The driving force behind future growth in the telecommunications industries is seen to be broadband wireless access to the Internet and wireless data connectivity to mobile users. 
This course focuses on two key wireless technologies, OFDM and MIMO, and it contains details on the applications of these technologies to new wireless systems such as WiMax and UMTS LTE. 
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